The MISSING measure only counts those questions that have been presented to the respondent, and only if the page presenting them has been sent via "next" or "back". You'll ee that not-seen-variables remain white in the "view dataset" view.
> The missings are simply the red cells and the green cells are used to calculate the relative number of missings, right?
That is correct, yes. Grey and white are complete ignored.
> Can I somehow determine afterwards which missing data are counted as missings and which are not?
At the moment, SoSci Survey reports this metadata only as colors in the online data view, and by the variables MISSING and MISSREL. The detailed data contains as may variables as there are in the dataset, therefore, this infomation would usually be a little overload.